商品豬場(chǎng)多點(diǎn)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中延長斷奶日齡對(duì)豬生長性能和腹部哼聲（Belly nosing）的影響

發(fā)布單位:天津瑞孚農(nóng)牧科技集團(tuán)有限公司

查看次數(shù)：7925

時(shí)間：2020-05-13
        試驗(yàn)研究了在商業(yè)化豬場(chǎng)中延長斷奶日齡對(duì)保育和育肥期豬只生長性能的影響。試驗(yàn)選用1176頭斷奶仔豬，試驗(yàn)期為136天。斷奶日齡分別為19、22、25、28天，每個(gè)處理在保育期和育肥期的重復(fù)數(shù)分別為14和10。

        在保育階段，隨著斷奶日齡的增加，仔豬初重（5.04、5.70、6.52、7.26kg）和保育結(jié)束重量（18.2、19.8、23.0、25.1kg）線性提高（P＜0.001）。增加斷奶日齡線性降低了最初3周仔豬出現(xiàn)腹部哼聲的比例（27.6%、15.0%、6.5%和1.4%，P＜0.001）。斷奶后第一周仔豬出現(xiàn)體重負(fù)增長的比例隨斷奶日齡的延長而線性下降（35.1%、28.7%、12.4%、9.2%，P＜0.001）。斷奶日齡延長，仔豬日增重（295、320、374、406g/d）和日均采食量（493、534、619、661g/d）線性增加（P＜0.001），而飼料效率（肉料比）有提高的趨勢(shì)（596、599、604、615 g/kg，P=0.081）。仔豬淘汰率也隨斷奶日齡的增加而顯著下降（8.01%、3.79%、2.29%、1.65%，P=0.001），但是死亡率無顯著差異（0.71%、0.36%、0.96%、1.04%）。

        在育肥階段，斷奶后第136天體重（114.9、117.8、124.7、126.5 kg）和日增重（1.02、1.04、1.08、1.07 kg/d）顯著提高。斷奶日齡對(duì)育肥階段淘汰率（1.5%、2.4%、1.0%、0.0%）和死亡率（0.9%、1.0%、1.0%、1.4%）沒有顯著影響（P > 0.24）。當(dāng)計(jì)算豬164日齡生長性能時(shí)，斷奶日齡對(duì)體重（125.2、124.4、128.0、126.5 kg）和全期日增重（754、751、774、762 g/d）沒有顯著影響（P > 0.25）。隨著斷奶日齡的提高，每頭斷奶仔豬出售毛豬重線性增加（P＜0.001）。盡管數(shù)據(jù)曲線為線性，斷奶日齡增加至25d，生長性能的邊際改善仍然很高，而從25天提高至28天生長性能幾乎無額外改善。

        試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明提高斷奶日齡是改善商業(yè)豬場(chǎng)整體生長性能的有效手段。盡管斷奶日齡對(duì)全期生長性能沒有顯著影響，但是其在保育階段的穩(wěn)定效果和增加的出欄商品豬數(shù)量表明25日齡是合適的推薦斷奶日齡。

        注：腹部哼聲（Belly nozing）是一種不正常的行為，通常因?yàn)槭ツ肛i后導(dǎo)致的失望而引發(fā)，通?？梢栽谠缙跀嗄套胸i中觀察到。


Impact of increasing weaning age on pig performance and belly nosing prevalence in a commercial multisite production system

The effects of increasing weaning age in a commercial production system on nursery and finishing performance were evaluated. A total of 1,176 pigs (PIC 337 × Camborough) were used in a 136-d growth trial with 14 and 10 replications/weaning age on the nursery and finishing phases, respectively. Treatments included weaning litters at 19, 22, 25, or 28 d of age. In the nursery, as weaning age increased, initial (5.04, 5.70, 6.52, and 7.26 kg) and final body weight (BW) (18.2, 19.8, 23.0, and 25.1 kg) increased (linear, P < 0.001). Increasing the weaning age reduced (linear, P < 0.001) the prevalence of pigs exhibiting belly nosing (27.6%, 15.0%, 6.5%, and 1.4%) during the first 3 wk. The percentage of pigs losing weight during the first week after weaning (35.1%, 28.7%, 12.4%, and 9.2%) decreased (linear, P < 0.001) as weaning age increased. Average daily gain (ADG; 295, 320, 374, 406 g/d) and average daily feed intake (493, 534, 619, 661 g/d) increased (linear, P < 0.001), while feed efficiency (G:F) (596, 599, 604, and 615) tended to increase (linear, P = 0.081) with weaning age. Removal rate (8.01%, 3.79%, 2.29%, and 1.65%) declined (linear, P = 0.001) as weaning age increased, while there was no evidence of difference (P = 0.463) in mortality rate (0.71%, 0.36%, 0.96%, 1.04%). In the finishing period, BW at 136 d post-weaning (114.9, 117.8, 124.7, and 126.5 kg) and ADG (1.02, 1.04, 1.08, and 1.07 kg/d) improved (linear, P < 0.001). There was no evidence of differences (P > 0.24) in removal (1.5%, 2.4%, 1.0%, and 0.0%) or mortality rates (0.9%, 1.0%, 1.0%, and 1.4%) with changes in weaning age. When performance was analyzed at a common day of life (164 d of age), no effects of weaning age (P > 0.25) were found for BW (125.2, 124.4, 128.0, and 126.5 kg) and lifetime ADG (growth rate from birth to market) (754, 751, 774, and 762 g/d). The BW sold per pig weaned increased (linear, P < 0.001) with weaning age. Even though the slope indicated a linear response, the magnitude of improvement was high until 25 d, before exhibiting diminishing returns from 25 to 28 d. Thus, the study suggests that increasing the weaning age can be an effective strategy to improve the overall performance in a commercial system. Although lifetime performance was not affected by the weaning age range studied, the consistent effect in the nursery and the increment in the number of pigs reaching the market facilitated by the improvement in the removal rate in the nursery phase imply that 25 d is the optimal weaning age.

文章來源：豬營養(yǎng)國際論壇
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